最後更新: 2023-03-22

Web UI

phpMyAdmin - 最出名大路的 Web UI

Adminer - 單一個 php 檔的 Web UI 來

http://www.adminer.org/

• Works with MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, MS SQL, Oracle
• Supports both PHP 4.3.3+ and PHP 5 with enabled sessions
• English, Chinese
• zero configuration

Desktop Client

Heidisql - 輕巧的 exe

https://www.heidisql.com/

最後更新: 2015-01-21

介紹

Most conventional voip protocols (SIP, h323, …) are not programmed with NAT in mind

Call signaling(call setup, teardown) ... WORK

Voice ... Not

=> you can pick up and hangup the call, but no audio in one or both directions.

Voice packet exchange occur over two separate sessions (SIP, RTP)

The actual voice packets travel between the two phones directly, without the aid of a VoIP or SIP intermediary device.

最後更新: 2016-09-13

Cisco ASA 的 NAT 方式

一共有4種: (Static, Dynamic) x (NAT, PAT)

• Static NAT
• Static PAT
• Dynamic PAT
• Dynamic NAT

Static vs Dynamic

Static translation

The post-translation attributes are explicitly defined by the administrator.

Referred to as a One-to-One translation

i.e. Static NAT

Pri-IP1 -> Pub-IP1
Pri-IP2 -> Pub-IP2
...

 * Pri-IP2 不可以轉用 Pub-IP1

Dynamic translation

The post-translation attributes are selected by the router at the time that the packet is received

Referred to as a One-to-Many / Many-to-One translation

i.e. Dynamic PAT (上網)

PC1 \
PC2 -> Internet 
PC3 /

Cisco ASA 的 NAT Config Syntax

它一共有 2 種 Config Syntax

• Auto NAT Syntax
• Manual NAT Syntax

 * 不建議混合使用

Auto NAT vs Manual NAT

Auto NAT Syntax

* Based upon only the Source of traffic

* NAT Settings in "object"

object network WEB-SERVER
  host 192.168.0.11
  nat (inside,outside) static x.x.x.x

Manual NAT

It can make a NAT decision based upon the Source, or upon both the Source and Destination.

=> Manual NAT can do everything that Auto NAT can, and a little extra

介紹

Static routes are removed from the routing table only if the associated interface on the security appliance goes down

Once the target is available again, the first route is replaced in the routing table, and the backup route is removed.

load balancing or load sharing as it is not supported on ASA/PIX . Use this configuration for redundancy or backup purposes only.

功能名稱: SLA monitor (static route tracking feature)