HardDisk 技術

由 datahunter 在五, 02/06/2017 - 20:03 發表

最後更新: 2019-04-12

Power Consumption

Sequential Read / Write Power Consumption

4TB WD Gold (9.0 W / 8.7 W)

8TB WD Gold (7.2 W / 7.0 W)

HGST - HelioSeal Technology

Because helium is only 1/7th the density of “regular air”, it allows for less friction delivering the following benefits :

The lower friction reduces the amount of power required to spin the platters, reducing both energy costs and thermal output.

Internal turbulence is greatly reduced, allowing for more precise and reliable tracking. This allows for greater areal density.

The lower power requirement and internal turbulence allows more platters and heads to be added in the same volume of space.

The completely sealed environment eliminates reliability issues that can occur if breather filters get clogged up with dirt.

Harddisk 's Service Area (SA)

NCQ (Native Command Queuing)

需硬碟韌體, 硬碟控制器以及作業系統三者的互相配合

SATA revision

Power Requirement: +5V, +12V

SATA revision 1.x => 1.5 Gbit/s, 150 MB/s

SATA revision 2.x => 3 Gbit/s, 300 MB/s

SATA revision 3.x => 6 Gbit/s, 600 MB/s

SATA revision 3.1
- mSATA
- Queued TRIM Command

SATA revision 3.2
- SATA Express (16 Gbit/s, 1969 MB/s)
- SATA M.2
- microSSD introduces a ball grid array

SATA revision 3.3
- support Shingled magnetic recording (SMR)
- "Power Disable" feature allows for remote power cycling of SATA drives

Check SATA port version

Linux

[1]

dmesg | grep SATA

[    1.916706] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: AHCI 0001.0300 32 slots 6 ports 6 Gbps 0x3 impl SATA mode
[    1.922904] ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xf7d16000 port 0xf7d16100 irq 43
[    1.922905] ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xf7d16000 port 0xf7d16180 irq 43
[    2.242265] ata1: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[    2.252315] ata2: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 300)

[2]

smartctl -i /dev/sda | grep SATA
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)

[3]

hdparm -I /dev/sda | egrep "speed|Transport"

        Transport:          Serial, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0
           *    Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)
           *    Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)
           *    Gen3 signaling speed (6.0Gb/s)
           *    SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set

Why

SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)

motherboard issue

Windows

HWiNFO

512n

n = native

SMR 與 CMR

SMR (Shingled Magnetic Recording, 疊瓦式磁記錄)

CMR (Conventional Magnetic Recording)

SMR

磁軌會如屋瓦般彼此重疊.

一旦已寫入的資料要修改或覆寫時, 寫入磁頭並不會直接在原有的磁軌上進行磁錄,

編輯後的資料會先在磁碟上的空白處寫入, 原先舊資料的磁軌會暫時維持不動.

等到硬碟閒置時才會進行重新整理的機制, 將原先磁軌上的舊資料自動清除, 並重新成為可用空間以供新資料寫入.

CMR 亦有分兩類, 分別

PMR

PMR (Perpendicular Magnetic Recording)

物理特性: 磁化方向相對於碟片是垂直

i.e.

HGST HC310
HGST HC320

LMR

LMR (Longitudinal Magnetic Recording)(舊技術)

物理特性: 磁化方向相對於碟片是平行的

BIOS - Aggressive LPM Support

Aggressive LPM Support

LPM = Link Power Management

power management protocol for Advanced Host Controller Interface-compliant (AHCI) Serial ATA (SATA) devices

This allows the SATA host bus adapter to enter a low-power state during periods of inactivity, thus saving energy.

CHS -> LBA

Disk /dev/loop0 - 16 GB / 15 GiB - CHS 2010 255 63
     Partition               Start        End    Size in sectors
>P Linux md 1.x RAID        0   0  1  2009 127 46   32282632 [sysrescue:0]
 P ext4                     0  32 31  2010 165  9   32299008 [1.42.6-5644]
 P ext4                     0  32 33  2010 165 11   32299008 [1.42.6-5644]

Cylinder-head-sector -> Logical Block Address

LBA address= (C x N heads + h) x N sectors + (S - 1)

LBA = (C * 255 * 63) + (H * 63) + (S - 1)

N heads: the number of heads on the disk

N sectors: the maximum number of sectors per track

C, H, S is the CHS address.

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