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最後更新: 2023-11-17
目錄
7-Zip (7z)
Install
yum install p7zip # 另有 p7zip-plugins @epel
apt-get install p7zip-full
基本應用
Usage:
7z <command> [<switches>...] <archive_name> [<@listfiles...>]
常用 command 如下:
- a: Add files to archive
- x: eXtract files with full paths
- l: List contents of archive
- t: Test integrity of archive
Useful Opts
- -o{Directory} # 設定解壓到那裡, -o 與之後接Folder, 不帶有空格
- -v{Size}[b|k|m|g] # Create volumes
- -l # Don’t store symlinks; store the files/directories they point to
-
-mx=N # Level of compression: 0(Copy), 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 (Ultra)
# i.e. -mx=8, -mx 相當於 -mx=9 - -r[-|0] # Recurse subdirectories (CAUTION: this flag does not do what you think, avoid using it)
Example:
打包並壓縮一個整個目錄:
7z a test.7z ./test
打包目錄(不壓縮)
7za a -mx=0 docker_package.7z docker_package
Scanning the drive: 1 folder, 5 files, 244236919 bytes (233 MiB) Creating archive: docker_package.7z Items to compress: 6 Files read from disk: 5 Archive size: 244237204 bytes (233 MiB) Everything is Ok
查看 zip 包內有什麼
7z l tiki-12.3.7z | less
Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name ------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------ 2014-11-14 23:01:06 ....A 94 29640662 tiki-12.3/vendor/jcapture-applet/jcapture-applet/src/META-INF/.svn/all-wcprops 2014-11-14 23:01:06 ....A 278 tiki-12.3/vendor/jcapture-applet/jcapture-applet/src/META-INF/services/.svn/all-wcprops .......................................
Attr
- R = READONLY
- H = HIDDEN
- S = SYSTEM
- A = ARCHIVE # Windows 的 File Default 會有 A
- C = COMPRESSED
- N = NOT INDEXED
- L = Reparse Points
- O = OFFLINE
- P = Sparse File
- I = Not content indexed
- T = TEMPORARY
- E = ENCRYPTED
解壓
7za x tiki-12.3.7z
....................................... Extracting tiki-12.3 Everything is Ok Folders: 2101 Files: 16791 Size: 137347765 Compressed: 29849851
7z extract to specific folder
7z x [archive.7z] -o[output_dir]
i.e.
7z x DATA.zip -o/volume1/tmp
Everything is Ok Size: 11038359552 Compressed: 65107236764
進階使用
Usage:
7z <command> [<switches>...] <archive_name> [<@listfiles...>]
Command 如下:
- d: Delete files from archive
- e: Extract files from archive (without using directory names)
- u: Update files to archive
fileFilter
7z e [archive.zip] -o[outputdir] [fileFilter_1] [fileFilter_2]
i.e.
7z x DATA.zip -o/volume1/tmp DATA/mydb.mdf
Show extraction progress of 7zip inside cmd
-bd
Disable progress indicator
顯示處理了幾多 Data, 不是 zip 出來的 size
781M + [Content]-ba
# suppress headers; undocumented.
# "7-Zip (a) [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) ..."
-bs{o|e|p}{0|1|2}
# Set output stream for output/error/progress line to disable/stdout/stderr
# Default values: o1, e2, p1
i.e.
mkdir tmp
7z x -otmp -bsp1 s2012.iso
Scanning the drive for archives: 1 file, 4542291968 bytes (4332 MiB) Extracting archive: s2012.iso -- Path = s2012.iso Type = Udf Physical Size = 4542291968 Comment = IR3_SSS_X64FREE_EN-US_DV9 Cluster Size = 2048 Created = 2014-03-22 05:27:47 38% 549 - sources/install.wim
-bb[0-3]
# Set output log level
- 0 disable log(Default)
- null / 1 show names of processed files in log
- 2 show names of additional files that were processed internally in solid archives
- 3 show information about "Add" / "Update" operations
ie.
# Adds *.txt files to archive.7z and shows all files that were processed.
7z a archive.7z *.txt -bb
Set Password
Encryption
AES-256 encryption
switches
- -p{Password} # Set Password
- -he=[off|on] # Enables or disables archive header encryption
Example
7z a key-backup.txt.7z key-backup.txt -p # 問 PW
7z a key-backup.txt.7z key-backup.txt -pYOUR-PW-HERE
7z t key-backup.txt.7z
Enter password (will not be echoed): Everything is Ok Size: 932 Compressed: 794
Overwrite mode
For extracting
-ao[a | s | t | u ]
- a Overwrite All existing files without prompt.
- s Skip extracting of existing files.
- u Rename extracting file (extracting.txt -> extracting_1.txt)
- t Rrename existing file (existing.txt -> existing_1.txt)
效能
-m<method_parameters>
Method Parameters
-mx # 相當於 compression level 9 (Ultra)
# 7 = Method: LZMA2, Dictionary: 32 MB, MatchFinder: BT4 , Filter: BCJ
# 9 = Method: LZMA2, Dictionary: 64 MB, MatchFinder: BT4 , Filter: BCJ2
-ms=on # solid archive. Default: on
# In solid mode, files are grouped together.
# These are the default limits for the solid block size: Normal: 2G, Maximum: 4G
-md=32m # dictionary size = 32 megabytes
pipeline with 7za (-si, -so)
應用:
7-zip does not store the owner/group of the file.
方案:
壓: tar -cf - directory | 7za a -si directory.tar.7z
解: 7za x -so directory.tar.7z | tar xf -
Benchmark 系統
There are two tests:
- Compressing with LZMA method
- Decompressing with LZMA method
The benchmark shows a rating in MIPS (million instructions per second).
Score
https://www.7-cpu.com/
Usage
b [number_of_iterations] [-mmt{N}] [-md{N}] [-mm={Method}]
opt
- -md{N} Dictionary size to increase memory usage
- -mmt{N} number of threads
-
-mm=crc run a CRC calculation benchmark
That test shows the speed of CRC calculation in MB/s.
Example
7za b
RAM size: 1006 MB, # CPU hardware threads: 2 RAM usage: 425 MB, # Benchmark threads: 2 Dict Compressing | Decompressing Speed Usage R/U Rating | Speed Usage R/U Rating KB/s % MIPS MIPS | KB/s % MIPS MIPS 22: 4469 156 2790 4347 | 19918 131 1371 1798 23: 3100 157 2017 3159 | 19653 131 1374 1799 24: 3044 157 2078 3273 | 20536 133 1435 1905 25: 5922 179 3767 6761 | 61724 200 2899 5805 ---------------------------------------------------------------- Avr: 162 2663 4385 149 1770 2827 Tot: 156 2216 3606
解說
Dict
shows dictionary size. For example, 21 means 2^21 = 2 MB.
Usage
shows the percentage of time the processor is working.
It's normalized for a one-thread load.
For example, 180% CPU Usage for 2 threads can mean that average CPU usage is about 90% for each thread.
R/U
The rating normalized for 100% of CPU usage.
That column shows the performance of one average CPU thread.
MIPS = million instructions per second
Rating
The rating value is calculated from the measured CPU speed and
it is normalized with results of Intel Core 2 CPU with multi-threading option switched off.
rating values in single-thread mode must be close to real CPU frequency.
Remark
7-Zip 18.03 uses new optimized version of LZMA decoder for x64 (x86-64) system.
The new LZMA decoder for x64 is written in assembler and
it uses Conditional Move (CMOV) instructions instead of branches in original code.
Compression / Decompression speed
Compression speed
strongly depends from memory (RAM) latency, Data Cache size/speed and TLB.
Out-of-Order execution feature of CPU is also important for that test.
Decompression speed
strongly depends on CPU integer operations.
The most important things for that test are:
branch misprediction penalty (the length of pipeline) and the latencies of 32-bit instructions ("multiply", "shift", "add" and other).
The decompression test has very high number of unpredictable branches.
Note that some CPU architectures (for example, 32-bit ARM) support instructions that can be conditionally executed.
So such CPUs can work without branches (and without pipeline flushing) in many cases in LZMA decompression code.
And such CPUs can have some speed advantages over other architectures that don't support complex conditionally execution.
Out-of-Order execution capability is not so important for LZMA Decompression.
