Clonezilla

由 datahunter 在二, 28/07/2020 - 16:00 發表

最後更新: 2020-07-28

介紹

Ask "IMAGENAME" and "DEVICENAME"

In order to make Clonezilla more automatic, clonezilla have reserved some words for "IMAGENAME" and "DEVICENAME".

* reserved names have special meanings

For image name:

"ask_user"
"autoname"
"autohostname"
"autoproductname"

For device name:

"all"
"ask_user"

all:

ocs-sr will automatically find the non-busy (unmounted) device as the device name,

e.g. sda, sdb... (for "savedisk"/"restoredisk" mode), and sda1, sdb1... (for "saveparts"/"restoreparts" mode).

ask_user:

In the restoring mode, when "ask_user" is used in the "DEVICENAME"

ocs-live-general

Start GUI

# VGA Console(tty1)

Custome Clonezilla live iso

mkdir /home/partimag/zip2iso

cd /home/partimag/zip2iso/

# 拿出 ISO 內的 File

# boot on clonezilla

cp -a /run/live/medium/* ./

# On anther OS

unzip clonezilla-live-2.5.5-38-amd6.iso -d ./

# Rebuild ISO (Full CLI)

xorriso -as mkisofs -R -r -J -joliet-long -l -iso-level 3 \
-no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -partition_offset 16\
-A 'Clonezilla live CD' \
-b syslinux/isolinux.bin -c syslinux/boot.cat \
-eltorito-alt-boot --efi-boot boot/grub/efi.img \
-isohybrid-mbr /usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isohdpfx.bin -isohybrid-gpt-basdat -isohybrid-apm-hfsplus ./ \
> /home/partimag/clonezilla-live.iso

# 簡化 CLI

xorriso -as mkisofs -R -r -J -joliet-long -l -iso-level 3 \
-no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -partition_offset 16 \
-A 'Clonezilla live CD' -b syslinux/isolinux.bin -c syslinux/boot.cat \
./ > /home/partimag/clonezilla-live.iso

Boot Options

Boot parameters in syslinux/syslinux.cfg (for live USB) or syslinux/isolinux.cfg (for CD)

Clonezilla live is based on Debian live with clonezilla installed. Therefore there are 2 kinds of boot parameters:

1. Boot parameters from Debian live-boot and live-config.

locales=en_US.UTF-8

keyboard-layouts=NONE

ip=

# In Clonezilla live a patched live-initramfs is used, which is different from the original live-initramfs so that you can assign DNS server, too.

ip=eth0:10.0.100.1:255.255.255.0:10.0.100.254:8.8.8.8

2. Boot parameters specially for Clonezilla. ("ocs_*")

ocs_live_run="ocs-live-general"

ocs_live_extra_param=""

It will be used only when ocs_live_run=ocs-live-restore (not for ocs-live-general or any other), then it will be passed to ocs-sr

ocs_live_batch="no"

"ocs_preload*"

To fetch tarall/zip/sh files from http(s), ftp, tftp, and local URL then extract to /opt/ in the Clonezilla live environment

ocs_preload=http://192.168.200.254/my-custom.tar.xz

ocs_preload="mount -t cifs //192.168.120.2/images/ /tmp/cifs -o user=administrator,password=yourpasswd"

ocs_preload="mount -t nfs 192.168.120.254:/home/partimag/script/ /tmp/nfs -o ro"

ocs_daemonon="ssh"

ssh service will be turned on when booting.

ocs_prerun, ocs_prerun1, ocs_prerun2...

It is intended for running a command before an operation of saving/restoring an image or cloning disk/partition is started.

e.g.

ocs_prerun="df -h"

ocs_postrun, ocs_postrun1, ocs_postrun2...

It is intended for running a command after an operation of saving/restoring an image or cloning disk/partition has been completed.

E.g. ocs_postrun="/live/image/myscript.sh"

ocs_overwrite_postaction

This boot parameter has higher priority than the action assigned by option "-p" in ocs-sr, and "-pa" in ocs-onthefly.

User Password

(1) account "user" with sudo privilege, password is "live"

append initrd=/live/initrd.img ... usercrypted=bkuQxLqLRuDW6

echo YOUR_PASSWORD | mkpasswd -s

echo YOUR_PASSWD | mkpasswd -m sha-256 -s

live-config

It contains the components that configure a live system during the boot process

live-config is only activated if 'boot=live' is used as a boot parameter.

Additionally, live-config needs to be told which components to run through the 'live-config.components' parameter or

which components to not run through the 'live-config.nocomponents' parameter.

設定 Network

ocs-live-netcfg

ocs-onthefly

ie.

1. To clone local sda to local sdb, run

# -f, --source DEV Specify the source device as DEV (sda, sda1...)

# -t, --target DEV Specify the target device as DEV (sda, sda1...)

ocs-onthefly -f sda -t sdb

2. To clone sda in machine A(88.51) to machine B(88.52) 's sda via network

remote-source # 自己係 Source
remote-dest # 自己係 Destination

# In machine A

# -a, --server Specify the running machine is in network clone server.

ocs-onthefly -a -f sda

# Then in machine B

# -s, --source-IP IP Specify the source IP address (used in target client machine)

ocs-onthefly -s 192.168.100.1 -t sda

* Default Setting: partclone, netcat, gzip

More Setting

-q1, --force-to-use-dd

Force to use sector-by-sector copy (supports all filesystem, but inefficient).

By default we will use partclone to clone a partition.

-u, --use-nuttcp

Use nuttcp instead of netcat as the network pipe program.

-i, --filter PROGRAM

Use the PROGRAM (gzip/lzop/bzip2/xz/lz4/zstd/cat) before sending partition data to netcat (only in network clone mode).

The default action is gzip. Use "cat" if you do not want to compress (Good for fast internode network).

Useful Opts

-k1, Create partition table in the target disk proportionally.

-rescue, --rescue Turn on rescue mode, i.e. try to skip bad sectors.

-irhr, --irhr Skip removing the Linux udev hardware records on the restored GNU/Linux.

-ius, --ius Skip updating syslinux-related files on the restored GNU/Linux.

-iui, --iui Skip updating initramfs file(s) on the restored GNU/Linux.

ocs-sr (save restore)

sr = save restore

Usage:

ocs-sr [OPTION] {savedisk|saveparts|restoredisk|restoreparts} IMAGE_NAME DEVICE

Backup(savedisk)

i.e. backup vda

ocs-sr -q2 -c -j2 -z1p -i 4096 -sfsck -scs -senc -p command savedisk c8-20200727 vda

-q2, --use-partclone

Use partclone to save partition(s) (i.e. partclone > partimage > dd)

-c, --confirm

Wait for confirmation before saving or restoring

-j2, --clone-hidden-data

Use dd to clone the image of the data between MBR (1st sector, i.e. 512 bytes) and 1st partition,

which might be useful for some recovery tool.

Compress

-z0, --no-compress

-z1p, --smp-gzip-compress

Compress using parallel gzip program (pigz) when saving:

-z2p, --smp-bzip2-compress

Compress using parallel bzip2 program (lbzip2) when saving:

faster and smallest image file, good for multi-core or multi-CPU machine

-z5p, --smp-xz-compress

Compress using parallel xz when saving: slow but smallest image file, faster decompression than bzip2.

-z6p, --smp-lzip-compress

Compress using parallel lzip when saving: slow but smallest image file, faster decompression than bzip2

-z8p, --lz4mt-compress

Compress using lz4mt when saving.

-z9p, --zstdmt-compress

Compress using zstdmt when saving.

-i, --image-size SIZE

Set the size in MB to split the partition image file into multiple volumes files.

-sfsck, --skip-fsck-src-part

Skip running fsck on the source file system before saving it.

-scs, --skip-check-restorable

By default Clonezilla will check the image if restorable after it is created / before restoring.

-senc

Skip encrypting the image with passphrase

-p, --postaction [choose|poweroff|reboot|command|CMD]

When save/restoration finishes, choose action in the client, poweroff, reboot (default)

-gm, --gen-md5sum Generate the MD5 checksum for the image.

------------------ 共用設定 ------------------

-nogui, --nogui Do not show GUI (TUI) of Partclone or Partimage, use text only

-x, --interactive Interactive mode to save or restore.

----------------------------------------------

Restore

i.e. 將 c8-20200727 restore 到 sda

ocs-sr -l 0 -c -scr -j2 --iui restoredisk c8-20200727 sda

-l, --language INDEX Set the language to be shown by index number:

[0|en_US.UTF-8]: English,
[2|zh_TW.UTF-8]: Traditional Chinese (UTF-8, Unicode) - Taiwan
[a|ask]: Prompt to ask the language index

-b, -batch, --batch

(DANGEROUS!) Run program in batch mode, i.e. without any prompt or wait for pressing enter key.

-g, --grub-install GRUB_PARTITION

Install grub in the MBR of the disk containing partition GRUB_PARTITION with root grub directory in the same GRUB_PARTITION when restoration finishes,
GRUB_PARTITION can be one of "/dev/sda1", "/dev/sda2"... or "auto" ("auto" will let clonezilla detect the grub root partition automatically).
If "auto" is assigned, it will work if grub partition and root partition are not in the same partition.

-r, --resize-partition

Resize the partition when restoration finishes, this will resize the file system size to fit

the partition size. It is normally used when when a small partition image is restored to a larger partition.

-t, --no-restore-mbr

Do NOT restore the MBR (Mater Boot Record) when restoring image.

-k, --no-fdisk, --no-create-partition

Do NOT create partition in target harddisk. Default is to create the partition table.

If this option is set, you must make sure there is an existing partition table in the current restored harddisk.

-cm, --check-md5sum

Check the MD5 checksum for the image.

To use this option, you must enable "-gm|--gen-md5sum" option when the image is saved.

Note! It might take a lot of time to check if the image size is large.

-iui

Skip updating initramfs file(s) on the restored GNU/Linux.

ocs-iso

Create Recovery CD(ocs-iso) / USB flash drive(ocs-live-dev)

# Help

ocs-iso -h
ocs-live-dev -h

# Mount a working space(clonezilla image home)

mount /dev/sdb1 /home/partimag

# First

cd /home/partimag

# create clonezilla-live-c8-20200727.iso

ocs-iso c8-20200727

# create an ISO file with built-in pre-settings

ocs-iso -g en_US.UTF-8 -t -k NONE c8-20200727

-g, --ocs-live-language LANGUAGE

Assign the language when using clonezilla live, available languages are en_US.UTF-8, zh_TW.UTF-8

-t, --ocs-live-batch

Set clonezilla live to run in batch mode, usually it's for restoring.

If this mode is set, some dialog question will be ignored.

-k, --ocs-live-keymap KEYBOARD_LAYOUT c8-20200727

Assign the keyboard layout when using clonezilla live.

"-k NONE"

means won't change the keyboard layout (default is US keyboard).

Custom Program

ocs-iso -g en_US.UTF-8 -k NONE -s -m ./custom-ocs

-m, --custom-ocs PATH/custom-ocs Use the customized ocs program 'custom-ocs' instead of the default one.

A sample script file /usr/share/drbl/samples/custom-ocs

Custom Pure ISO

-s, --skip-image

Do not include any clonezilla image. The is used to created a live CD with DRBL/Clonezilla programs only.

"-e" will be run by ocs-sr when cloning

With ocs-sr

ocs-iso -g en_US.UTF-8 -t -k NONE -e "..." c8-20200727

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