Clonezilla

由 datahunter 在二, 28/07/2020 - 16:00 發表

最後更新: 2024-09-10

Ask "IMAGENAME" and "DEVICENAME"

In order to make Clonezilla more automatic,

clonezilla have reserved some words for "IMAGENAME" and "DEVICENAME".

* reserved names have special meanings

For image name:

"ask_user"
"autoname"
"autohostname"
"autoproductname"

For device name:

"all"
"ask_user"

all:

ocs-sr will automatically find the non-busy (unmounted) device as the device name,

e.g. sda, sdb... (for "savedisk"/"restoredisk" mode), and sda1, sdb1... (for "saveparts"/"restoreparts" mode).

ask_user:

In the restoring mode, when "ask_user" is used in the "DEVICENAME"

ocs-live-general (GUI)

它是 clonezilla 預設的 CLI 介面 # VGA Console(tty1)

它會載入 config(/etc/ocs/ocs-live.conf) 後執行 /usr/sbin/clonezilla

boot parameters 預設發動它

ocs_live_run="ocs-live-general"

/etc/ocs/ocs-live.conf

ocs_live_batch="no"
ocs_lang="en_US.UTF-8"
extra_pigz_opt="--fast -b 1024 --rsyncable"

User Password

(1) 建立 password

echo YOUR_PASSWORD | mkpasswd -s

echo YOUR_PASSWD | mkpasswd -m sha-256 -s

(2) 在 boot parameter 設定它

append initrd=/live/initrd.img ... username=user usercrypted=XXXX

設定 Network(ocs-live-netcfg)

ocs-live-netcfg

SSH Server

By CLI

"Enter_shell"

sudo -i

ocs-live-netcfg # 設定 IP

service ssh start

* Default login as "user" with the password "live" # 建議改了它

By boot parameters(ocs_daemonon)

ocs_daemonon="ssh"

ssh service will be turned on when booting.

Run Clonezilla main menu

sudo /usr/sbin/clonezilla

ocs-sr (save restore)

sr = save restore # 用它建立/還原 Image 檔

它是 bash script 來

Usage:

ocs-sr [OPTION] {savedisk|saveparts|restoredisk|restoreparts} IMAGE_NAME DEVICE

Save 與 Restore 的共用設定

--nogui # Do not show GUI (TUI) of Partclone or Partimage, use text only

-x, --interactive # Interactive mode to save or restore.

-c, --confirm # Wait for confirmation before saving or restoring

-l, --language INDEX Set the language to be shown by index number:

[0|en_US.UTF-8]: English
[2|zh_TW.UTF-8]: Traditional Chinese (UTF-8, Unicode) - Taiwan
[a|ask]: Prompt to ask the language index

-scs, --skip-check-restorable

By default Clonezilla will check the image if restorable after it is created / before restoring.

The image of this partition is restorable: sda1
The image of this partition is restorable: sda2
The image of this partition is restorable: sda3

* 由 partclone 建立的 image 才能 check

pigz -d -c /home/partimag/win10b-20240910/sda2.ntfs-ptcl-img.gz |
    LC_ALL=C partclone.chkimg -L /var/log/sda2-img-chk.log -s -

-p, --postaction [choose|poweroff|reboot(default)|command|CMD]

# When save/restoration finishes, choose action

Backup(savedisk)

lsblk

mount /dev/sdb1 /home/partimag;

e.g. backup 到 /home/partimag/win10b-20240910

ocs-sr savedisk win10b-20240910 sda

v3.1:

partimage -M -f3 -o -d -b -c -z0 --volume=0 --debug=1 -B gui=no save /dev/sda1 stdout
gzip -c --fast --rsyncable

e.g. 要 confirm 後才開發以 partclone 及 "pigz -c --fast -b 1024 --rsyncable" 去 backup

ocs-sr -c --nogui -q2 -z1p -j2 savedisk win10b-20240910 sda

* 使用 "-q2" 因為它支援 verify restorable

* 加上 "-z1p" 因為會 backup 快行多

* 加上 -j2 建立 hidden-data 的 backup

* Default 係不用 confirm 及有 gui 的

* 一般情況係可以以上 --skip-check-restorable (-scs)

Opts

-q2, --use-partclone

Use partclone to save partition(s) (效能: partclone > partimage > dd)

Notes

-q, --use-ntfsclone
-q1, --force-to-use-dd

-j2, --clone-hidden-data

Use dd to clone the image of the data between MBR (1st sector, i.e. 512 bytes) and 1st partition.

-sfsck, --skip-fsck-src-part

Skip running fsck on the source file system before saving it.

-z1p, --smp-gzip-compress

using parallel gzip (pigz) when saving

Other Backup Opts

-i, --image-size SIZE

Set the size in MB to split the partition image file into multiple volumes files.

-gm, --gen-md5sum

Generate the MD5 checksum for the image.

use -cm|--check-md5sum option to check the image when restoring the image

* It might take a lot of time.

-rm-win-swap-hib, --rm-win-swap-hib

Try to remove the MS windows swap file in the source partition.

Compress

-z0, --no-compress

-z1, --gzip-compress (default) # 另有 bz2, lzo, xz, lzip, lrzip, lz4, lz4mt, zstd, zstdmt

--smp # parallel X good for multi-core or multi-CPU machine

-z1p, --smp-gzip-compress # using parallel gzip (pigz) when saving

-z2p, --smp-bzip2-compress # using parallel bzip2 (lbzip2) when saving

# 另有 xz, lzip

Encrypting

-senc, --skip-enc-ocs-img (Default)

Skip encrypting the image with passphrase

-enc, --enc-ocs-img

To encrypt the image with passphrase

Restore Opts

e.g. 將 r8-20200727 restore 到 sda

ocs-sr -c --nogui -scr -j2 restoredisk c8-20200727 sda

* 建議加上 -j2, default 係沒有還原 hidden-data 的

Other Backup Opts

-g, --grub-install GRUB_PARTITION

Install grub in the MBR of the disk containing partition GRUB_PARTITION
with root grub directory in the same GRUB_PARTITION when restoration finishes

GRUB_PARTITION can be one of "/dev/sda1", "/dev/sda2"... or "auto"
("auto" will let clonezilla detect the grub root partition automatically)

If "auto" is assigned, it will work if grub partition and root partition are not in the same partition.

-r, --resize-partition

Resize the partition when restoration finishes, this will resize the file system size to fit

the partition size. It is normally used when when a small partition image is restored to a larger partition.

-t, --no-restore-mbr

Do NOT restore the MBR (Mater Boot Record) when restoring image.

-k, --no-fdisk, --no-create-partition

Do NOT create partition in target harddisk. Default is to create the partition table.

If this option is set, you must make sure there is an existing partition table in the current restored harddisk.

-cm, --check-md5sum

Check the MD5 checksum for the image.

To use this option, you must enable "-gm|--gen-md5sum" option when the image is saved.

Note! It might take a lot of time to check if the image size is large.

-iui

Skip updating initramfs file(s) on the restored GNU/Linux.

-e1, --change-geometry NTFS-BOOT-PARTITION

Force to change the CHS (cylinders, heads, sectors) value of NTFS boot partitoin after image is restored.

-e2, --load-geometry-from-edd

Force to use the CHS (cylinders, heads, sectors) from EDD (Enhanced Disk Device) when creating partition table by sfdisk.

-kN

0 (default)

Create partition table based on the partition table from the image.

Create partition table in the target disk proportionally.

Enter command line prompt to create partition table manually before restoring image.

-j, --create-part-by-sfdisk

Use sfdisk to create partition table instead of using dd to dump the partition table from saved image (This is default)

-j1, --dump-mbr-in-the-end

Use dd to dump the MBR

Notes

Cleaning RAID metadata in device

mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sda

清空碟尾的 1024 個 sector

# Disk /dev/sda: 104857600s
Running: dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/X bs=512 seek=104856576 count=1024

建立 partition table

parted -s /dev/sda mklabel msdos
LC_ALL=C sfdisk --force /dev/sda < /home/partimag/NAME/sda-pt.sf 2>&1 |
    tee -a /var/log/clonezilla.log

Restore partition

pigz -d -c /home/partimag/NAME/sda1.ntfs-ptcl-img.gz 2> /tmp/unzip_cmd_error.CZGHMl |
    LC_ALL=C partclone.ntfs -z 10485760 -L /var/log/partclone.log -s - -r -o /dev/sda1

Restore MBR

dd if=/home/partimag/NAME/sda-mbr of=/dev/sda bs=446 count=1

clear the NTFS volume dirty flag

ntfsfix -d /dev/sda1

ocs-onthefly

To run clonezilla on-the-fly (disk to disk)

Opts

-b, -batch, --batch, --batch-mode # Run program in batch mode (DANGEROUS!)
# i.e. without any prompt or wait for pressing enter key.

-r, --resize-partition # Resize the file system size to fit the partition size in the destination disk.

-nogui, --nogui

-rescue, --rescue # Turn on rescue mode, i.e. try to skip bad sectors.

-t, --no-restore-mbr # Do NOT restore the MBR. Default is to restore.

Example

1. To clone local sda to sdb, run

# -f, --source DEV Specify the source device as DEV (sda, sda1...)

# -t, --target DEV Specify the target device as DEV (sda, sda1...)

ocs-onthefly -f sda -t sdb

2. To clone sda in machine A(88.51) to machine B(88.52) 's sda via network

remote-source # 自己係 Source
remote-dest # 自己係 Destination

CLI - In machine A

# -a, --server Specify the running machine is in network clone server.

ocs-onthefly -a -f sda

CLI - Then in machine B

# -s, --source-IP IP Specify the source IP address (used in target client machine)

ocs-onthefly -s 192.168.100.1 -t sda

* Default Setting: partclone, netcat, gzip

More Setting

-q1, --force-to-use-dd

Force to use sector-by-sector copy (supports all filesystem, but inefficient).

By default we will use partclone to clone a partition.

-u, --use-nuttcp

Use nuttcp instead of netcat as the network pipe program.

-i, --filter PROGRAM

Use the PROGRAM (gzip/lzop/bzip2/xz/lz4/zstd/cat) before sending partition data to netcat (only in network clone mode).

The default action is gzip. Use "cat" if you do not want to compress (Good for fast internode network).

Useful Opts

-k1, Create partition table in the target disk proportionally.

-rescue, --rescue Turn on rescue mode, i.e. try to skip bad sectors.

-irhr, --irhr Skip removing the Linux udev hardware records on the restored GNU/Linux.

-ius, --ius Skip updating syslinux-related files on the restored GNU/Linux.

-iui, --iui Skip updating initramfs file(s) on the restored GNU/Linux.

remote-X

source vs dest

remote-source # 本地是 source
remote-dest # 本地是 dest

remote-source

* 別用 GUI 版, 因為會多了其他設定

快速 CLI: /usr/sbin/ocs-onthefly -g auto -e1 auto -e2 -r -j2 -sfsck -k0 -p true -a -f sda

過程

它是利用 nc 的 listen mode 進行

# 內容: "source_type=disk"

Running: cat /tmp/ocs_onthefly_src.iFyRGC/target_type.ocs_onthefly | nc -l -q 0 -p 9003 &

# 內容: sda-mbr, sda-pt.parted, sda-hidden-data-after-mbr ...

Running: cat /tmp/ocs_onthefly_src.iFyRGC/d2d-pseudo.tgz | nc -l -q 0 -p 9009 &

# Feeding partition /dev/sda1 in listen mode with port 9015...

Running: partclone.ntfs -z 10485760  -L /var/log/partclone.log -c -s /dev/sda1 -o - 2>/dev/null |
 zstdmt -c -3 | nc -l -q 0 -p 9015 &

remote-dest

快速 CLI: ocs-onthefly -s 192.168.123.61 -d sdc

ocs-iso & ocs-live-dev

Create Recovery CD(ocs-iso) / USB flash drive(ocs-live-dev)

Help

ocs-iso -h
ocs-live-dev -h

ocs-iso

1) 用 clonezilla 開機, 進入它的 CLI Console 後選 "Enter_shell"

sudo -s # 轉成 root 身份

2) Mount a working space(會在那裡 build ISO)

lsblk

mount /dev/sdb1 /home/partimag

mkdir /home/partimag/iso; cd /home/partimag/iso

# First

cd /home/partimag

# create clonezilla-live-c8-20200727.iso

ocs-iso c8-20200727

# create an ISO file with built-in pre-settings

ocs-iso -g en_US.UTF-8 -t -k NONE c8-20200727

-g, --ocs-live-language LANGUAGE

Assign the language when using clonezilla live, available languages are en_US.UTF-8, zh_TW.UTF-8

-t, --ocs-live-batch

Set clonezilla live to run in batch mode, usually it's for restoring.

If this mode is set, some dialog question will be ignored.

-k, --ocs-live-keymap KEYBOARD_LAYOUT c8-20200727

Assign the keyboard layout when using clonezilla live.

"-k NONE"

means won't change the keyboard layout (default is US keyboard).

Custom Program

ocs-iso -g en_US.UTF-8 -k NONE -s -m ./custom-ocs

-m, --custom-ocs PATH/custom-ocs Use the customized ocs program 'custom-ocs' instead of the default one.

A sample script file /usr/share/drbl/samples/custom-ocs

Custom Pure ISO

-s, --skip-image

Do not include any clonezilla image. The is used to created a live CD with DRBL/Clonezilla programs only.

"-e" will be run by ocs-sr when cloning

With ocs-sr

ocs-iso -g en_US.UTF-8 -t -k NONE -e "..." c8-20200727

ocs-live-dev

...

Custome Clonezilla live iso

mkdir /home/partimag/zip2iso

cd /home/partimag/zip2iso/

# 拿出 ISO 內的 File

# boot on clonezilla

cp -a /run/live/medium/* ./

# On anther OS

unzip clonezilla-live-2.5.5-38-amd6.iso -d ./

# Rebuild ISO (Full CLI)

xorriso -as mkisofs -R -r -J -joliet-long -l -iso-level 3 \
-no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -partition_offset 16\
-A 'Clonezilla live CD' \
-b syslinux/isolinux.bin -c syslinux/boot.cat \
-eltorito-alt-boot --efi-boot boot/grub/efi.img \
-isohybrid-mbr /usr/lib/ISOLINUX/isohdpfx.bin -isohybrid-gpt-basdat -isohybrid-apm-hfsplus ./ \
> /home/partimag/clonezilla-live.iso

# 簡化 CLI

xorriso -as mkisofs -R -r -J -joliet-long -l -iso-level 3 \
-no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -partition_offset 16 \
-A 'Clonezilla live CD' -b syslinux/isolinux.bin -c syslinux/boot.cat \
./ > /home/partimag/clonezilla-live.iso

Boot Options

Boot parameters in syslinux/syslinux.cfg (for live USB) or syslinux/isolinux.cfg (for CD)

Clonezilla live is based on Debian live with clonezilla installed.

Therefore there are 2 kinds of boot parameters:

1. Boot parameters from Debian live-boot and live-config.

2. Boot parameters specially for Clonezilla. ("ocs_*")

live-boot parameters

locales=en_US.UTF-8

keyboard-layouts=NONE

ip=

# In Clonezilla live a patched live-initramfs is used, which is different from the original live-initramfs so that you can assign DNS server, too.

ip=eth0:10.0.100.1:255.255.255.0:10.0.100.254:8.8.8.8

live-config parameters

It contains the components that configure a live system during the boot process

live-config is only activated if 'boot=live' is used as a boot parameter.

Additionally, live-config needs to be told which components to run through the 'live-config.components' parameter or
which components to not run through the 'live-config.nocomponents' parameter.

----------------

ocs_live_*

ocs_live_run="ocs-live-general"

It is the main program to be run in Clonezilla live.

ocs_live_batch="no"

If no, will run interactively

ocs_live_extra_param=""

It will be used only when "ocs_live_run=ocs-live-restore", then it will be passed to ocs-sr
(not for ocs-live-general or any other)

"ocs_fontsize"

ocs_fontsize="24x12"

Check file /etc/default/console-setup and the console-setup(5) manual page on Debian

"ocs_preload*"

To fetch tarall/zip/sh files from http(s), ftp, tftp, and local URL then extract to /opt/ in the Clonezilla live environment

ocs_preload=http://192.168.200.254/my-custom.tar.xz

ocs_preload="mount -t cifs //192.168.120.2/images/ /tmp/cifs -o user=administrator,password=yourpasswd"

ocs_preload="mount -t nfs 192.168.120.254:/home/partimag/script/ /tmp/nfs -o ro"

ocs_prerun, ocs_prerun1, ocs_prerun2...

It is intended for running a command before an operation of saving/restoring an image or cloning disk/partition is started.

e.g.

ocs_prerun="df -h"

ocs_postrun, ocs_postrun1, ocs_postrun2...

It is intended for running a command after an operation of saving/restoring an image or cloning disk/partition has been completed.

E.g. ocs_postrun="/live/image/myscript.sh"

ocs_overwrite_postaction

This boot parameter has higher priority than the action assigned by option "-p" in ocs-sr, and "-pa" in ocs-onthefly.

Summary

keyboard-layouts=us locales=en_US.UTF-8 ocs_fontsize="24x12"
 ip=192.168.123.61 ocs_daemonon="ssh" usercrypted=XXXX

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