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Esxi 入門

由 datahunter 在 六, 01/09/2012 - 19:23 發表

最後更新: 2018-11-23

介紹

ESX 及 ESXi (新版) 都是 VMware 出的 bare-metal hypervisor

它們的分別在於ESX 包含一個 Linux operating system (Service Console), 而 ESXi 則無

此外, ESXi 有管理工具: vSphere

Ram 的使用:

在沒有 VM 的情況下, 它(host)會用 500MB 左右

FileSystem:

ESXi 4 的 FS 是 vmfs3 (Block Size: 1MB, Singe Image Max Size: 256GB)

Volume 會 mount 存放在 /vmfs/volumes/UUID (Volume 的名稱會 map 去 UUID, 所以 Volume 名可以 "rename")

目錄

 

Create a Bootable ESXi Installer

 

Software: rufus

HomePage: https://rufus.ie/

 

Networking

 

* Default 會有一個 Network 叫 VM_Network (可以多過一個)

* Management_Network(都是 VM_Network 的一種來) 是同一 NIC 的

* vSwitch (支援 Adapter 的 failover, limit speed, load Balancing)

Connection Type:

* VM

* VMkernel 是用來做 iSCSI, NFS

Diagram

Network --- vSwitch0 --- NIC

在 Configuration -> Nwtworking -> Properties 可以更改它們

如果加了新的 NIC, 那要在 Properties -> Network Adapters 加上才可用

 

加 ISO Image

right click on your datastore and then select browse.

 

 

VMware vSphere Client 要用的 port

 

tcp port:

  • 443  <-- vSphere Client
  • 902  <-- console

 

Esxi-4 free v.s. Esxi-5 free 的分別

 

ESXI-? = VMware vSphere Hypervisor

 

ESXi-4 free:

  • Host CPU: 2
  • Core Per CPU: 6
  • RAM: 256GB
  • VM-RAM: 256GB
  • VM-CPU: 4 (又有人叫它做 vSMP(virtual symmetric multiprocessing))

6 cores per Processor:

  • vSphere Essentials
  • vSphere Essentials Plus
  • vSphere Standard
  • vSphere Enterprise

12 cores per Processor

  • vSphere Advanced
  • vSphere Enterprise Plus

ESXi-5.1 free:

  • Host CPU: 1 (unlimited cores per CPU)
  • RAM: 32GB     <-- 20120810
  • vRAM(per VM): ?G
  • vCPU(per VM): 4 (Up to 8-way virtual SMP)

ESXi-5.5 free:

  • no physical RAM limit
  • vCPU: 4 (Up to 8-way virtual SMP)
  • vRAM: 1011

Hareware:

  • Asus P8H61-M LE(iCore3, Realtek 8168)

新功能:

  • management interface firewall
  • Log messages can be remotely

 

  • Standard
  • Enterprise
  • Enterprise Plus

 

  • Essentials
  • Essentials Plus

 

授權的使用限期:

過期: vm 關機後就開不起來

VMware vSphere Client > Configuration > Edit

VMware vSphere ESXi 安裝好後可試用兩個月, 入 Key 後會變 Never

 

4 to 5 升級:

VMware vSphere Client > Inventory > Virtual Machine > Upgrade Virtual Hardware ……

 

Enable SSH

 

VMware vSphere Client > Configuration > Software > Security Profile > Services >

Properties > SSH > Options > Startup Policy

 

File System: VMFS

Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed

Thick Provision Eager Zeroed

Thin Provision

VMFS: Thin / Thick

NFS: Thin

 

hostd 與 vpxa

 

vpxa (VirtualCenter Agent) VirtualCenter Server to connect to a ESXi host

/var/log/vpxa.log

/etc/init.d/vpxa status

hostd (Host Agent)  vSphere Client to connect to a ESXi host ( HTTP and HTTPS connections to the service console )

/var/log/hostd.log

/etc/init.d/hostd status

 

Upgrade

 

查看現在 Version:

vmware -lv

esxupdate --bundle update-from-esxi4.1-4.1_update01.zip update

 

Backup

 

http://www.trilead.com/

Trilead VM Explorer：備份ESX(i)虛擬主機

Free Version:

  • Backup virtual machines while powered on
  • Generate compressed backups
  • Max Devices: 2

 

ssh

 

ESXi storage mount point:

  • /vmfs/volumes/<UUID>
  • /vmfs/volumes/<NAME>

Name -- soft link -->  UUID

 

Configure File

 

*.vmx

memsize = "1024"

scsi0:0.present = "TRUE"
scsi0:0.fileName = "winsrv2k3.std.eng.oem.vmdk"
scsi0:0.deviceType = "scsi-hardDisk"

*-flat.vmdk  <-- Data

 

*.vmdk

# Extent description
RW 58720256 VMFS "*-flat.vmdk"

 

設定 NTP

 

Step

  1. Connect to the ESX/ESXi host using the vSphere Client.
  2. Select a host in the inventory.
  3. Click the Configuration tab.
  4. Click Time Configuration.
  5. Click Properties.

測試

ntpq -p

     remote           refid      st t when poll reach   delay   offset  jitter
==============================================================================
*192.168.3.121         x.x.x.x    3 u  438 1024  377    0.442   -3.743  17.006

P.S.

如果 time server 既時間先本機時間差太遠, 咁就唔會 sync 了.

 

ESXi 6.7

You cannot set timezone on esxi host.

You can either set the time manually or configure NTP server.

 

Check service tag

 

vSphere client -> "Configuration" tab -> "Hardware" section -> "Processors" link

 

inflate

 

If you created a virtual disk in the thin provision format, you can inflate it to its full size

 

Guest Tools

 

vmware-checkvm -h

VM's hw version is 4
VMware software version 6 (good)

 

More than one management network

 

# V6.7

Default: vSwitch0 has a VMKernel Port called vmk0

[Step 1]

Networking -> Add standard virtual switch

[Step 2]

Networking -> VMkernel NICs -> Add VMkenel NIC

 

Network Secure

 

Forged transmits

Accept, ESXi does not compare source and effective MAC addresses.

The guest operating system does not detect that its virtual machine adapter cannot send packets by using the impersonated MAC address.

MAC Address Changes

Accept, ESXi accepts requests to change the effective MAC address to a different address than the initial MAC address.

The port that the virtual machine adapter used to send the request is disabled and the virtual machine adapter does not receive any more frames until the effective MAC address matches the initial MAC address.

The guest operating system does not detect that the MAC address change request was not honored.

Promiscuous Mode Operation

Promiscuous mode eliminates any reception filtering that the virtual machine adapter performs so that the guest operating system receives all traffic observed on the wire.

An administrator or root user within a virtual machine can potentially view traffic destined for other guest or host operating systems.

 

Common Information Model (CIM)

 

查看 RAID 的狀態

HW: Fujitsu D2616-A22 GS1 (LSISAS2108 6Gb/s RAID-on-Chi)

  • Bus interface: PCIe 2.0 x8
  • Configuration on Disk (COD)
  • Check Consistency for background data integrity - Make Data Consistent (MDC)
  • Patrol read for media scanning and repairing

滿足條件

1. ESXi主機成功驅動LSI MegaRAID controller

2. 並安裝合適的LSI CIM/SMIS providers

Download SMIS providers

https://www.broadcom.com/support/download-search

找 Driver

Product Group: Storage Adapters, Controllers ...
Product Family: RAID Controller Cards
Keyword: SMIS Provider

Install SMIS providers

Unpack the zip archive(VMW-ESX-5-x-0-lsiprovider-...zip)

Copy the file found in zip (vmware-esx-provider-lsiprovider.vib) to the host

ssh host

esxcli software vib install -v /vmfs/volumes/backup_disk/software/vmware-esx-provider-lsiprovider.vib

Reboot the ESXi host. (必須)

 

ESXi 7 auto start instance

 

For VMware ESXi hosts 6.5, 6.7, 7.0

Select Host -> Manage -> System -> Autostart -> Edit settings -> select Enable = Yes -> Click Save

Shutdown Action

for each VM available 4 shutdown actions:

  • None,
  • Power Off (Default)
  • Suspend
  • Guest Shutdown(Need install VMware Tools)

Instance Setting

1 - Log into the ESXi host web interface

2 - Select "Virtual Machines" from the Navigator

3 - Select the "Instance" you would like to configure for shutdown / startup

4 - Go to Actions - Autostart - click "Enable"

CLI

Enable Host autostart

vim-cmd hostsvc/autostartmanager/enable_autostart true

Checking auto start seq

vim-cmd hostsvc/autostartmanager/get_autostartseq

(vim.host.AutoStartManager.AutoPowerInfo) [
   (vim.host.AutoStartManager.AutoPowerInfo) {
      key = 'vim.VirtualMachine:6',
      startOrder = 1,
      startDelay = -1,
      waitForHeartbeat = "systemDefault",
      startAction = "powerOn",
      stopDelay = -1,
      stopAction = "systemDefault"
   },
   (vim.host.AutoStartManager.AutoPowerInfo) {
      key = 'vim.VirtualMachine:16',
      startOrder = 2,
      startDelay = -1,
      waitForHeartbeat = "systemDefault",
      startAction = "none",
      stopDelay = -1,
      stopAction = "systemDefault"
   }
]

當 startAction = "none" update 唔到時

Fix

vim-cmd vmsvc/unregister 16

vim-cmd solo/registervm /vmfs/volumes/RAID6/burp/burp.vmx

 

Enabling nested virtualization

 

* Enable nested virtualization support on a per VM basis

Step:

# ESXi 7.0

Select VM > Click "Edit" > VM Settings > expand CPU > Click "Expose hardware assisted virtualization to the guest OS"

 

vmkping

 

Version

 

7.0

The driver type is “vmklinux” or “native” as the support for “vmklinux” drivers was removed in ESXi 7

6.7u3

 

 

 

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