最後更新: 2020-06-02

介紹

rpm cmd 除了有 installing, uninstalling, upgrading 的功用外,

它還有 querying, verifying package 的功能

目錄

• 安裝 / 移除
• 升級 / 安裝
• Query
• Verify
• RPM-GPG-KEY
• RPM Database Recovery
• rpm -qa without package version
• To extract file from rpm file(rpm2cpio)

 

---

安裝 Package

 

rpm -i package.rpm                   // 安裝 foo

rpm -ivh package.rpm               // show '#' 及有資料

 

移除 Package

 

rpm -e package

rpm --nodeps -e foo                     //  不理會 depence 去移除 foo

 

Simulate

 

rpm -ivh --test new-kernel.rpm

• -v: verbose
• -h: progress meter

 

Upgrade

 

rpm -Uvh package.rpm                                   // -U 除了升級外, 同時有 install 的意思, 它幾乎可以取代 "-i"

rpm -Uvh --replacepkgs  kernel_package.rpm  // 有取代原本設定檔的作用, 並且包有 --force  的作用

rpm -Uvh pack1.rpm dep.rpm                         // 解決 Dependency

 

Downgrade

rpm -Uvh --oldpackage package.rpm               // 還原到之前版本

 

---

Query

 

一切數據斬是由 RPM database ( /var/lib/rpm/) 提供

rpm -q --whatprovides libcrypt.so.1

rpm -p <package_file>            // Query  an (uninstalled) package PACKAGE_FILE

rpm -q <package_file>

rpm -qi <package_file>          // information

rpm -ql <package_name>      // list of files in a package

rpm -qlp <package_file>         

--last                                    // Orders the package listing by install time(latest packages are at the top)

e.g.

rpm -qlp rsync-3.1.1-1.el5.rfx.i386.rpm

/etc/xinetd.d/rsync
/usr/bin/rsync
/usr/share/doc/rsync-3.1.1
/usr/share/doc/rsync-3.1.1/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/rsync-3.1.1/INSTALL
/usr/share/doc/rsync-3.1.1/NEWS
........................................

-c                                         // displays a list of files marked as configuration files.

-d                                        // files marked as documentation

-s                                        // displays the state of all the files in the package.

Example

rpm -qf /usr/bin/ghostscript                              // To find out which package owns it

rpm -qip crontabs-1.10-32.1.el6.noarch.rpm     // information about it

rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}\n"                              // list package names only

查看 Package 的相互依賴:

rpm -q --whatrequires kernel

rpm -qR kernel                                // "-R" kernel "Requires" 什麼

 

---

Verify

 

rpm -Vf /usr/bin/tree

rpm -Va                                   // 對整個系統測試

rpm -Vp tree-1.5.3-2.el6.x86_64.rpm  // // 與某 package 對比

 

---

RPM-GPG-KEY

 

--checksig (-K)

rpm -K  <rpm_file>                                            // 檢查 digests and signatures

rpm -K --nosignature <rpm_file>                       // 單是測試檔案有沒有損壞

# 匯入 key

rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY

# 查看安了什麼 pubkey

rpm -qa gpg-pubkey

gpg-pubkey-c105b9de-4e0fd3a3
gpg-pubkey-6b8d79e6-3f49313d
gpg-pubkey-0608b895-4bd22942
gpg-pubkey-7fac5991-4615767f

# 查看 key 的內容

rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-c105b9de-4e0fd3a3

Name        : gpg-pubkey                   Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : c105b9de                          Vendor: (none)
Release     : 4e0fd3a3                      Build Date: Wed 08 Aug 2012 02:28:41 AM HKT
Install Date: Wed 08 Aug 2012 02:28:41 AM HKT      Build Host: localhost
Group       : Public Keys                   Source RPM: (none)
Size        : 0                                License: pubkey
Signature   : (none)
Summary     : gpg(CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) <[email protected]>)
Description :
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: rpm-4.8.0 (NSS-3)

mQINBE4P06MBEACqn48FZgYkG2QrtUAVDV58H6LpDYEcTcv4CIFSkgs6dJ9TavCW
............................

-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

# remove the Red Hat GPG/DSA key

rpm -e gpg-pubkey-db42a60e

 

---

RPM Database Recovery

 

# to identify a stale lock

cd /var/lib/rpm

/usr/lib/rpm/rpmdb_stat -CA

              OR

lsof | grep /var/lib/rpm

# 檢查完整性

/usr/lib/rpm/rpmdb_verify Packages

# 救它

mv Packages Packages.orig

/usr/lib/rpm/rpmdb_dump Packages.orig | /usr/lib/rpm/rpmdb_load Packages

# 測試:

rpm -qa 1> /dev/null

# rebuild the indexes

rpm -v --rebuilddb

 

---

設定 rpm db Path (--dbpath)

 

rpm -qa --dbpath /mnt/var/lib/rpm

 

---

"rpm -qa" without package version

 

在 rpm -qa | grep php56 時, result 是

...
php56-php-fpm-5.6.40-11.el7.remi.x86_64
...

如果只想出 package 名, 比如

php56-php-fpm

You can use rpm's --qf queryformat parameter (--queryformat)

rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}\n"

 

---

To extract file from rpm file(rpm2cpio)

 

# Extract source files out of src.rpm file
# i: Restore archive
# d: Create leading directories where needed (current directory)
# m: Retain previous file modification times when creating files
# v: Verbose

cd /usr/src/package/code

rpm2cpio ../package.src.rpm | cpio -idmv

應用: 救回誤刪了的檔案

rpm -qf /usr/share/netdata/web/dashboard.js

netdata-data-1.45.4-1.el8.noarch

# download packages to the current directory

dnf download netdata-data

rpm -qlp netdata-data-1.45.5-1.el8.noarch.rpm | grep dashboard.js

rpm2cpio netdata-data-1.45.5-1.el8.noarch.rpm | cpio -idmv