9. rpm cmd

由 datahunter 在二, 14/08/2012 - 21:53 發表

最後更新: 2020-06-02

介紹

rpm cmd 除了有 installing, uninstalling, upgrading 的功用外,

它還有 querying, verifying package 的功能

安裝 / 移除
升級 / 安裝
Query
Verify
RPM-GPG-KEY
RPM Database Recovery
rpm qa without version
其他資料

安裝 Package

rpm -i package.rpm // 安裝 foo

rpm -ivh package.rpm // show '#' 及有資料

移除 Package

rpm -e package

rpm --nodeps -e foo // 不理會 depence 去移除 foo

Simulate

rpm -ivh --test new-kernel.rpm

-v: verbose
-h: progress meter

Upgrade

rpm -Uvh package.rpm // -U 除了升級外, 同時有 install 的意思, 它幾乎可以取代 "-i"

rpm -Uvh --replacepkgs kernel_package.rpm // 有取代原本設定檔的作用, 並且包有 --force 的作用

rpm -Uvh pack1.rpm dep.rpm // 解決 Dependency

Downgrade

rpm -Uvh --oldpackage package.rpm // 還原到之前版本

Query

一切數據斬是由 RPM database ( /var/lib/rpm/) 提供

rpm -q --whatprovides libcrypt.so.1

rpm -p <package_file> // Query an (uninstalled) package PACKAGE_FILE

rpm -q <package_file>

rpm -qi <package_file> // information

rpm -ql <package_name> // list of files in a package

rpm -qlp <package_file>

i.e.

rpm -qlp rsync-3.1.1-1.el5.rfx.i386.rpm

/etc/xinetd.d/rsync
/usr/bin/rsync
/usr/share/doc/rsync-3.1.1
/usr/share/doc/rsync-3.1.1/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/rsync-3.1.1/INSTALL
/usr/share/doc/rsync-3.1.1/NEWS
........................................

-c // displays a list of files marked as configuration files.

-d // files marked as documentation

-s // displays the state of all the files in the package.

Example

rpm -qf /usr/bin/ghostscript // To find out which package owns it

rpm -qip crontabs-1.10-32.1.el6.noarch.rpm // information about it

rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}\n" // list package names only

查看 Package 的相互依賴:

rpm -q --whatrequires kernel

rpm -qR kernel // "-R" kernel "Requires" 什麼

Verify

rpm -Vf /usr/bin/tree

rpm -Va // 對整個系統測試

rpm -Vp tree-1.5.3-2.el6.x86_64.rpm // // 與某 package 對比

RPM-GPG-KEY

--checksig (-K)

rpm -K <rpm_file> // 檢查 digests and signatures

rpm -K --nosignature <rpm_file> // 單是測試檔案有沒有損壞

# 匯入 key

rpm --import /usr/share/rhn/RPM-GPG-KEY

# 查看安了什麼 pubkey

rpm -qa gpg-pubkey

gpg-pubkey-c105b9de-4e0fd3a3
gpg-pubkey-6b8d79e6-3f49313d
gpg-pubkey-0608b895-4bd22942
gpg-pubkey-7fac5991-4615767f

# 查看 key 的內容

rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-c105b9de-4e0fd3a3

Name        : gpg-pubkey                   Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version     : c105b9de                          Vendor: (none)
Release     : 4e0fd3a3                      Build Date: Wed 08 Aug 2012 02:28:41 AM HKT
Install Date: Wed 08 Aug 2012 02:28:41 AM HKT      Build Host: localhost
Group       : Public Keys                   Source RPM: (none)
Size        : 0                                License: pubkey
Signature   : (none)
Summary     : gpg(CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) <[email protected]>)
Description :
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: rpm-4.8.0 (NSS-3)

mQINBE4P06MBEACqn48FZgYkG2QrtUAVDV58H6LpDYEcTcv4CIFSkgs6dJ9TavCW
............................

-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

# remove the Red Hat GPG/DSA key

rpm -e gpg-pubkey-db42a60e

RPM Database Recovery

# to identify a stale lock

cd /var/lib/rpm

/usr/lib/rpm/rpmdb_stat -CA

lsof | grep /var/lib/rpm

# 檢查完整性

/usr/lib/rpm/rpmdb_verify Packages

# 救它

mv Packages Packages.orig

/usr/lib/rpm/rpmdb_dump Packages.orig | /usr/lib/rpm/rpmdb_load Packages

# 測試:

rpm -qa 1> /dev/null

# rebuild the indexes

rpm -v --rebuilddb

設定 rpm db Path (--dbpath)

rpm -qa --dbpath /mnt/var/lib/rpm

rpm qa without version

在 rpm -qa | grep php56 時, result 是

...
php56-php-fpm-5.6.40-11.el7.remi.x86_64
...

如果只想出 package 名, 比如

php56-php-fpm

You can use rpm's --qf queryformat parameter (--queryformat)

rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}\n"

rpm2cpio

# Extract source files out of src.rpm file

rpm2cpio ../package.src.rpm | cpio -i

瀏覽次數： 2773

夢想家