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最後更新: 2022-10-18
介紹
所有被備份的目錄及 LV 要以 /Folder/ 形式表示,
即一定要有 "/" 作尾!!
參數只能用 tab 分隔, 不可以用空格 !!
Home Page: http://www.rsnapshot.org/
目錄
- ...
- 常用 exclude
安裝
Rocky 8
yum install rsnapshot
人手安裝
Download: http://www.rsnapshot.org/downloads/rsnapshot-1.3.1.tar.gz
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc
# --prefix=PREFIX
# --sysconfdir=DIR
make install
which rsnapshot
/usr/bin/rsnapshot
mv /etc/rsnapshot.conf.default /etc/rsnapshot.conf
設定
rsnapshot.conf
# 這兩個設定是為了在 USB Disk 的. USB Disk mount mount 到 /backup # 當 "/backup/backup/" 不存在時, 那就不會行 backup (no_create_root) # Backup 時會建立 ".sync" folder snapshot_root /backup/backup/ no_create_root 1 # 當 daily 不是 7 時, weekly 要少心行 !! interval daily 7 <--- 它定義了1個week有幾多個day !!! 最後一個 daily.n 會成為 weekly.0 interval weekly 4 <--- 當沒有最後的 daily.n 時, 如果照行 rsnapshot weekly, 那 weekly.0 消失 !! # 排除一些非必要的東西 exclude _X exclude _bak/ exclude _tmp/ exclude logs/*log* exclude .vscode-server exclude .cache # LVM Backup Configure # linux_lvm_snapshotsize 30G linux_lvm_snapshotname rsnapshot linux_lvm_vgpath /dev # 這 folder 一定要人手設定它 linux_lvm_mountpath /mnt/rsnapshot linux_lvm_cmd_lvcreate /sbin/lvcreate linux_lvm_cmd_lvremove /sbin/lvremove linux_lvm_cmd_mount /bin/mount linux_lvm_cmd_umount /bin/umount # best way to support special files (FIFOs, etc) link-dest 1 use_lazy_deletes 1
說明
use_lazy_deletes
The oldest directory(alpha.6) -> [interval_name].delete -> delete just before rsnapshot exits
Enabling this means that snapshots get taken sooner (since the delete doesn't come first)
.. /usr/bin/rsnapshot alpha: started .. echo 301419 > /var/run/rsnapshot.pid .. mv /backup/alpha.6/ /backup/_delete.301419/ .. .. /usr/bin/rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded ... .. touch /backup/alpha.0/ .. rm -f /var/run/rsnapshot.pid .. /usr/bin/rm -rf /backup/_delete.301419 .. /usr/bin/rsnapshot alpha: completed successfully
設定要備份什麼
# Local Folder Backup backup /vz/private/ vps_backup/ # LV Backup backup lvm://vps_group/vps1_vol/ vps1/
執行 "rsnapshot sync" 會有以下情況:
Local Folder Backup:
/vz/private/ ---> /backup/.sync/vps_backup/vz/private // 放到目錄內
LV Backup:
# /backup/.sync/VGNAME-LVNAME
lvm://vps_group/vps1_vol/ ---> /backup/.sync/vps_group-vps1_vol // 成為目錄
檢查設定
rsnapshot configtest
Syntax OK
Backup By CLI
# 新版使用了 alpha, beta, gamma, delta 取代 hourly, daily, weekly, monthly
rsnapshot hourly | daily | weekly | monthly
當有設定 "sync_first 1" 時要
rsnapshot sync && rsnapshot alpha
沒有用sync_first的情況
log
/usr/bin/cp -al /backup/alpha.0 /backup/alpha.1
/usr/bin/rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative \
--delete-excluded \
/etc/ /backup/alpha.0/localhost/使用sync_first的情況
log
rsnapshot sync
/usr/bin/rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative \ --delete-excluded --exclude=logs/*.log \ /etc/ /backup/.sync/localhost/
rsnapshot alpha
..
LV Backup 原理
# rsnapshot rsync 相當於
1. 建立 snapshot
/sbin/lvcreate --snapshot --size 8G --name rsnapshot /dev/lxc/vps_mail
2. mount snapshot 到 rsnapshot_backup_mnt
/bin/mount /dev/lxc/rsnapshot /mnt/rsnapshot_backup_mnt/
3. 之後 rsync data
chdir(/mnt/rsnapshot_backup_mnt/)
/usr/bin/rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded . /backup/.sync/vps/
相當於用 "rsync_long_args" 去 sync
rsync_long_args --delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded
Daily Backup 真正佔用的空間
rsnapshot du
70G /backup/.sync 199M /backup/daily.0/ # 與 .sync 有多少不同 1.9G /backup/daily.1/ 2.6G /backup/daily.2/ 2.5G /backup/daily.3/ 2.3G /backup/daily.4/ 2.7G /backup/daily.5/ 2.2G /backup/daily.6/ 3.1G /backup/daily.7/ 1.8G /backup/daily.8/ 89G total
找出兩天 Backup 的不同之處 (可以用來 verify backkup)
rsnapshot diff daily.4 daily.0 # daily.4 daily.0 不用分次序, 因為一定係新(數字細)比舊(數字大)
Comparing daily.4 to daily.0 Between daily.4 and daily.0: 335841 were added, taking 53300465177 bytes; # 在新 backup 才出現 3 were removed, saving 179750 bytes; # 在新 backup 不見了
Useful Options
- -v verbose # 看到多了或小了什麼 File
rsnapshot -v diff daily.0 daily.1 | grep ^'-'
+ /mnt/backup/daily.0/localhost/data/backuptime.txt - /mnt/backup/daily.1/localhost/data/backuptime.txt ...
To check the differences between two directories
rsnapshot -v diff daily.0/localhost/etc daily.1/localhost/etc
rsnapshot-diff -vi /mnt/backup/daily.0/localhost/etc \ /mnt/backup/daily.1/localhost/etc Comparing /mnt/backup/daily.1/localhost/etc to /mnt/backup/daily.0/localhost/etc + /mnt/backup/daily.0/localhost/etc/shadow- + /mnt/backup/daily.0/localhost/etc/backuptime.txt + /mnt/backup/daily.0/localhost/etc/adjtime + /mnt/backup/daily.0/localhost/etc/shadow - /mnt/backup/daily.1/localhost/etc/shadow- - /mnt/backup/daily.1/localhost/etc/backuptime.txt - /mnt/backup/daily.1/localhost/etc/adjtime - /mnt/backup/daily.1/localhost/etc/shadow + /mnt/backup/daily.0/localhost/etc/blkid/blkid.tab.old + /mnt/backup/daily.0/localhost/etc/blkid/blkid.tab - /mnt/backup/daily.1/localhost/etc/blkid/blkid.tab Between /mnt/backup/daily.1/localhost/etc and /mnt/backup/daily.0/localhost/etc: 6 were added, taking 444257 bytes; 5 were removed, saving 443496 bytes;
Other Options
- -i ignore symlinks, directories, and special files in verbose output
Backup remote data (rsync 方式)
Server 設定
/etc/hosts
192.168.88.176 c1
cmd:
mkdir /etc/bak_client_pw
chmod 700 /etc/bak_client_pw
echo "YOUR_PW" > /etc/bak_client_pw/c1
chmod 400 /etc/bak_client_pw/c1
rsnapshot.conf
把 remote 要 backup 的東西以 "rsync over ssh" 方式拉過來
# ssh Backup Server 的設定
backup root@client1:/data/ client1/
# modules 的設定
backup rsync://client2/data/ client2/
* 注意尾要有 "/"
有 Password 保護的情況
# + sign usage <-- default replacing args
Usage:
... +rsync_long_args=--exclude=/var/spool/ ...
i.e.
backup rsync://backup@c1/home/ c1/home/ +rsync_long_args=--password-file=/etc/bak_client_pw/c1
backup 後的目錄結構
root@ubuntu:/backup# tree .sync
.sync
└── c1
└── home
└── tester
心得
心得1:
在以下設定時:
retain hourly 6 retain daily 7 #retain weekly 4 #retain monthly 3
當沒有足夠的 hourly 時, 那行 daily 會出錯
# 由於由 hourly.0 數起, 那 hourly.5 = 6
[07/Dec/2012:01:52:45] /backup/hourly.5 not present (yet), nothing to copy [07/Dec/2012:01:52:45] rm -f /var/run/rsnapshot.pid
Other Settings
link_dest
rsync 的 "--link-dest" 功能
hardlink to files in DIR when unchanged
Cron Job
/root/scripts/bakscript.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Version: 1
#### Setting
Disk=/dev/sdb1
BakDiskMountPoint=/mnt/backup
Admin=admin@domain
Server=Full-Domain-Name
#### Code
ChkFile=$BakDiskMountPoint/usbdisk.txt
function notify2admin(){
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "mount disk fail"
echo "$Server" | mail -r root@$Server -s "Backup Fail" $Admin
exit 1
fi
}
if [ ! -f $ChkFile ]; then
echo "mount backup disk"
mount -o noatime $Disk $BakDiskMountPoint
notify2admin
fi
echo "Start Backup - `date`"
/usr/bin/rsnapshot daily
notify2admin
echo "Done - `date`"
Troubleshoot
[Q1] 行 rsnapshot sync 見到
rsnapshot encountered an error! The program was invoked with these options:
/usr/bin/rsnapshot daily
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ERROR: rsync_cleanup_after_native_cp_al() only works on directories
ERROR: Error! cp_al("/backup/backup/.sync", "/backup/backup/daily.0")[A1]解決
cmd_cp /bin/cp
cmd_cp 解說
If you are using Linux, you should uncomment cmd_cp
With GNU cp, rsnapshot can take care of both normal files and special files
(such as FIFOs, sockets, and block/character devices) in one pass
If cmd_cp is disabled, rsnapshot will use its own built-in function, native_cp_al() to backup up regular files and directories.
This will then be followed up by a separate call to rsync, to move the special files over (assuming there are any).
常用 exclude
# Apache Logs exclude logs/*.log exclude logs/*.gz # For docker exclude logs/httpd/* exclude logs/php-fpm/* # For DEV exclude .vscode-server # For Backup exclude _bak exclude _X
