最後更新: 2015-01-24

介紹

• Webpy 內建 web server (used for development only)
• 不用 Database 就可獨立運作 (此外, 它 support mysql sqlite ..)
• 支援 WSGI (common API between web servers and applications)

 * Version 0.51 is the last release with Python 2.7 support.

功能:

• URL Handle
• Template engine
• Database Connection
• Session state
• Cookie
• GET & POST

目錄

• 安裝
• 10 min 入門
• Make url ending with or without '/' going to the same class.
• Redirect
• Send Mail
• Static content("static" Folder)
• Serving XML(web.header())
• NotFound message

 

---

安裝

 

人手安裝:

wget http://webpy.org/static/web.py-0.37.tar.gz

tar -zxf web.py-0.37.tar.gz

cd web.py-0.37

python setup.py install

過程中它會

• 建立 build 目錄
• byte-compiling (py -> pyc)
• 之後 copy pyc Code 去 /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/web

easy_install:

easy_install web.py

Centos 7: v0.37             # epel

yum install python-webpy

pip

pip install web.py==0.37

 

---

10 min 入門

 

* URL Handling
* GET and POST
* Start the server
* Templating

建立 code.py 內容如下

# 載入 webpy 的 framework
import web

urls = (
  '/(.*)', 'index'        # regular expressions, class to send the request to
)

class index:
    def GET(self, name):
        return "Hello, world!"        //  GET /

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = web.application(urls, globals())
    # tell web.py to create an application with the URLs
    # looking up the classes in the global namespace of this file

    app.run()
    # tell web.py to start serving web pages

測試:

python code.py    # 相當於 python code.py 8080

 

---

Buildin Web Server

 

# Runs built-in web server (CherryPy WSGI server) hosting WSGI app func.

python code.py [8080]

 * The directory static/ is hosted statically.

 * When running with the built-in webserver, it starts the application in debug mode.
    (In debug mode any changes to code and templates are automatically reloaded.)

 

---

Make url ending with or without '/' going to the same class

 

# urls
'/(.*)/', 'redirect',

# code handle '/(.*)/'
class redirect:
    def GET(self, path):
        web.seeother('/' + path)

 

---

Redirect

 

webpy 一共有兩種 redirect, 分別是

• web.redirect       # 301
• web.seeother     # 303

i.e.

urls = (
        '/sms/','sms',
        '/(.*)', 'redirect',
        )

class redirect:
    def GET(self, path):
        if path == 'sms':
            web.seeother('/sms/')
        return "Server is working"

class sms:
    def GET(self):
        return "sms page"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = web.application(urls, globals())
    app.run()

 

---

Send Mail

 

web.sendmail('sender', ['receive1', 'receive2'],
        cc='user1', bcc='user2', 
        'subject', 
        'message',
        headers=({'User-Agent': 'webpy.sendmail', 'X-Mailer': 'webpy.sendmail',})
        )

# headers 是 tuple 來的
        
出信的 Server:

當在 web.config 內沒有指定 SMTP Server 時, 那就會用系統的 /usr/lib/sendmail

web.config:

web.config.smtp_server = 'YOU_SMTP_SERVER'
web.config.smtp_port = 1025
web.config.smtp_username = 'LOGIN_NAME'
web.config.smtp_password = 'secret'
web.config.smtp_starttls = True

web.sendmail 是支援 SSL 的

i.e. Gmail

web.config.smtp_server = 'smtp.gmail.com'
web.config.smtp_port = 587
web.config.smtp_username = '[email protected]'
web.config.smtp_password = 'secret'
web.config.smtp_starttls = True

P.S.

# sender 一定要是 gmail 的

web.sendmail('[email protected]', '[email protected]', 'subject', 'message')

 

---

Static content("static" Folder)

 

web.py build-in Server

Create a directory called static in the location of the script that runs the web.py server.

Then place the static files you wish to serve in the static folder.

Example:

http://localhost/static/logo.png   -->  ./static/logo.png

 

---

Serving XML(web.header())

 

$def with (code)
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<RequestNotification-Response>
<Status>$code</Status>
</RequestNotification-Response>

class index:
    def GET(self, code):
        # tell the client that you are sending a XML file
        web.header('Content-Type', 'text/xml')
        return render.response(code)

 

---

NotFound message

 

Not Found Page: app.notfound

i.e. 404

def GET(self):
        raise web.notfound()

i.e.

import web

urls = (...)
app =  web.application(urls, globals())

def notfound():
    return web.notfound("Sorry, the page you were looking for was not found.")
     #return web.notfound(render.notfound())

app.notfound = notfound

Error Page: app.internalerror

def internalerror():
    return web.internalerror("Bad, bad server. No donut for you.")

app.internalerror = internalerror

---

Application processors

 

execute common code before each request is processed

def proc(handle):
    # do whatever you need to here
    web.ctx.user = web.cookies(user=None).user
    # return the executed handle
    return handle()

app = web.application(urls, globals()
app.add_processor(proc)

The "handle" of the app processor refers to the code that will be dispatched by the matching URL.